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武皇十万宫廷乐

2012/5/28 11:54:34 点击数: 【字体:


    田山“武皇十万宫廷乐”队,位于洛阳市洛龙区龙门镇田山村,乐队有30余人,古乐器有管子、笙、笛、背鼓、云锣、云板、碰铃等。田山“武皇十万宫廷乐”是从大唐传承绵延而来的。据史料记载,大唐武则天年间“武皇十万宫廷乐舞”规模盛大,气势恢宏,乐器有300余种,表演人员1600余人,武则天为其作词、作曲、编导。武则天驾崩,“武皇十万宫廷乐舞”的乐师们纷纷归隐寺庙和流落民间。白居易后裔白长乐,系白居易第18代孙,在宋宣和年间到汝州风穴寺进香,偶听和尚奏乐,恳求传艺,在寺中一学就是三个春秋。他回村后组织乐队传艺,自此,“武皇十万宫廷乐”被这位老人发扬光大,在龙门石窟、关林庙上演绎着一曲曲皇家雅乐,“昔日王谢堂前燕,飞入寻堂百姓家”。这支乐队到明嘉靖年间由白氏传入张氏由张本立主吹管子,一直绵延到今天第二十代。随着朝代变迁和社会变化,直到辛亥革命推翻清王朝统治后,这支乐队仍然保持着祖传下来的规矩,从不参加民间婚丧嫁娶,只在龙门石窟、关林庙朝圣大典上展示自己的精湛的技艺。现保留有民国年间关林庙朝圣大典用的清道旗和令旗各两面。 
         
     “十万宫廷乐”使用的乐器均为“文物级”的唐代古乐器,如管子,有近千年的历史,古圆笙为数百年,圆笙内的笙苗上的文字古老,是东汉时期发明的数学筹码文字。笛有数百年历史是古老方法制作的,笛身6等孔,不设半音,而现代笛子孔间不等分,所以能吹奏出半音。云板也有数百年历史,在乐器中起节拍作用,马啼长号、传锣起清道作用。从80年代后,乐队参加了关林庙国际朝圣大典(关林庙有碑记载),牡丹花会开幕式等演出近百场,中央电视台、河南电视台进行了多次报道(保留中央电视台录制专题片“田山绝响”光盘一套),有关专家和新闻媒体称赞其为“音乐化石”、“河洛一绝”、“千古绝响”、“中原第一家”。现乐队资金短缺、乐器品种单调、演奏队伍老龄化,使“武皇十万宫廷乐”这一古老的艺术处于苟延残喘的境地。相信在各级政府的重视下,“武皇十万宫廷乐”这一千古绝响必将走向新生。



 The Music For the Royal
      
 
    The play group of The Music For the Royal lives in Tianshan Village, Longmen, Luoyang city. This group has more than 30 members and use pipes, bamboo flute, Chinese gong chimes and other instruments to play. According to historical materials, The Music For the Royal, created in Wu Zetian period of Tang Dynasty, has large scale and magnificent imposing manner. It uses over 300 kinds of instruments, played by over 1600 persons at one time, directed and written words, music by the Emperor, Wu Zetian. After the Emperor's death, this music leaps to folk. Bai Changle, a descendant of Bai Juyi, ever heard this music by chance in Fengxue Temple in the Xuanhe period of Song Dynasty and then learned it for 3 years and organized a group to play it. This magnificent music was promoted by him. Nowadays, it has experienced 20 generations but still remains original principles, that is, never participate general weddings and funerals but only play in pilgrimage ceremonies in the Longmen Grottoes and Guanlin Temple. 
      
    After 1980s, this music group has played for more than 100 times in activities like International Pilgrimage Ceremony in Guanlin Temple, the Opening Ceremony of Peony Show and so on. The most influential national TV station CCTV and provincial station HNTV report it many times. Some exports and media praise it as Living Fossil in Music, A Unique Talent in Heluo, the Best Music from Time Immemorial and the No.1 in Central Plain. 



 
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